Aberdeen Investments: Equities | Quality investing: Tested, questioned, and still relevant

Aberdeen Investments: Equities | Quality investing: Tested, questioned, and still relevant

May 7^th, 2026

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Listed closed-end funds (CEFs) and business development companies (BDCs) trade on exchanges at prices that may be above or below their NAVs. There is no guarantee that an investor can sell shares at a price greater than or equal to the purchase price, or that a CEF’s or BDC’s discount will narrow or be eliminated. Non-listed closed-end funds and business development companies do not offer investors daily liquidity, but rather on a quarterly or semi-annual basis, often on a small percentage of shares. CEFs often use leverage, which can increase a fund’s risk or volatility. The actual amount of distributions may vary with fund performance and other conditions.

Past performance is not indicative of future results. All investments involve risk, including the possible loss of principal. Forward-looking statements, expectations, and projections are inherently uncertain, and actual results may differ materially from those discussed.

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